"Thus, the infection of the recovery myeloid cells only occurs upon the generation of neutralizing antibodies to spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is important for trained immunity/HERV-K102 to clear SARS-CoV-2 before adaptive immunity produces neutralizing antibodies."
“By the time SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in late 2019, it was already pre-adapted to human transmission to an extent similar to late epidemic SARS-CoV.”
Hi Dr. Marian,
I've checked reference 4
"The presence of SARS-CoV-2
RNA in various immune cell types, including neutrophils, macro-
phages, plasma B cells, T cells, and NK cells, was surprising to
us initially, but the research community is beginning to appre-
ciate this phenomenon. While it is still not clear how such im-
mune cells would acquire viral sequences..."
and given this two facts from the literature:
*SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.14.988345v1
*"CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is expressed on all leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells." https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24372217/
Your conclusion here is very interesting:
"Thus, the infection of the recovery myeloid cells only occurs upon the generation of neutralizing antibodies to spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, it is important for trained immunity/HERV-K102 to clear SARS-CoV-2 before adaptive immunity produces neutralizing antibodies."
Thank you for sharing!
Take care,
Agus
Others have noted that SARS-CoV-2 appears to have been preadapted for human transmission. Zhan SH et al, BioRxiv May 2 2020 (preprint). https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.073262v1
“By the time SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in late 2019, it was already pre-adapted to human transmission to an extent similar to late epidemic SARS-CoV.”
Other sources of information include:
https://jamiemetzl.com/origins-of-sars-cov-2/
https://nicholaswade.medium.com/origin-of-covid-following-the-clues-6f03564c038
https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/06/the-lab-leak-theory-inside-the-fight-to-uncover-covid-19s-origins